US Overview

By Margaret Dore, updated January 14, 2011

There are two states where physician-assisted suicide is legal: Oregon and Washington.  In these states, statutes give criminal and civil immunity to doctors and others, including family members, who participate in a patient's suicide under certain conditions.  Oregon's act was enacted via a ballot initiative in 1997.  Washington's act was enacted via a ballot initiative in 2008 and went into effect in 2009.  Washington's act is modeled on Oregon's act. 

In Oregon and Washington, assisted-suicide laws apply to "terminal" patients, defined in terms of having less than six months to live.  Such persons are not necessarily dying.  Consider, for example, Jeanette Hall, alive 11 years after her terminal diagnosis.  More recent proposals to legalize assisted suicide have included people who are clearly not dying.  See here, here and here.   

In Montana, Baxter v. State gives doctors who assist a patient's suicide a potential defense to prosecution for homicide.  Baxter does not legalize assisted suicide by giving doctors or anyone else immunity from criminal and civil liability although proponents argue that this is the case.  This year, a bill to reverse Baxter's potential defense was defeated.  In Montana, the leading group against assisted suicide is Montanans Against Assisted Suicide & For Living with Dignity.

This year, Idaho enacted a statute strengthening its law against assisted suicide.  This was after proponents falsely claimed that assisted suicide was already legal.  For more information, click here.

This year, bills to legalize physician-assisted suicide were defeated in Montana, Hawaii and New Hampshire. In Vermont, identical legalization bills were introduced in the House and Senate, but not put on for vote before the legislative session ended.  These same bills could be considered in 2012.  For more information see Vermont Against Assisted Suicide.

In Hawaii, where a bill to legalize assisted suicide was defeated this year as well as in prior years, proponents claim that assisted suicide is legal due to a 1909 statute.  On December 8, 2011, the Attorney General of Hawaii rejected this claim via a formal legal opinion.  See also Hawaii Against Assisted Suicide & For Living with Dignity.

In Connecticut, a lawsuit to legalize physician-assisted suicide was dismissed in 2010.

In Massachusetts, there is a pending ballot initiative to enact an Oregon/Washington style act that applys to "terminal" patients defined as having less than six months to live. 

Most recently, Utah has been targeted by assisted-suicide/euthanasia propropents.

In the US, no assisted suicide/euthanasia law has ever made it through the scrutiny of a legislature despite more than 100 attempts.